Spoken English and Broken English - George Bernard Shaw: Guide notes| Calcutta University

Summary:-

'Spoken English and Broken English' is an essay by George Bernard Shaw which is a transcript of a radio talk recorded in 1927. Thus essay gives some instructions regarding how to speak English to a foreign student of English when they travel in the British Commonwealth or in America or when they meet a native. It even says that the native may even speak in a provincial or cockney dialect of which he is a little ashamed and this may even prevent him from obtaining some employment which is open only to those speaking correct English.
The essay he's been divided into three sections. The first part rightly stresses on the fact that there is no single model of correct speech in English. The first thing everyone (native or foreigner) must remember is that there lies no ideally correct English. Shaw discusses that the notion of "correct English", which is the proper way in which English should be spoken. According to him, no two British subjects speak exactly alike. Though they all speak differently, they all speak presentably which makes them understandable and thus acceptable as a person of good social standing. The second part talks about how everyone irrespective of whether they are educated or uneducated , speaks differently in public and in private. A person's speech in public needs to be a careful one, measuring each word before he speaks, to create an impact and make it understandable. But in private a man is less bothered about the speech, the grammar, articulation,etc .. This section is particularly the most amusing and Shaw presents himself as a guinea pig.
Now in the last section Shaw advises foreigners on how to speak while traveling in English speaking country and here he gives another warning of quite a different kind. The first thing that a person who is a foreigner should do is to speak with strong foreign stress and use broken English without grammar. Then every native to whom he speaks would understand he is a foreigner and would try to understand and be ready to help him. He shouldn't expect everyone to be polite and use elaborate grammatical phrases. But now this advice is flawed as it is outdated for now that many people not only visit many English speaking countries but also reside in countries like America and Britain.
With globalization taking its hold on the world and the need of learning multiple global languages out of which English stands at the very helm, has led people to seek out the 'correct' form of the English language.

Shelley as a poet of Nature: Guide notes

Q) 'Shelley as a poet of Nature'- Comment.

Answer:- Nature had always been a favoured niche for almost every romantic poet and love for Nature as one of the prime requisites for the Romantics. Shelley is no exception here. Shelley in his poem Ode to the Westwind has beautifully used the element of nature and has personified them. P.B.Shelley in this poem has portrayed his love for Nature at the tip of his pen through the use of Nature imagery like 'the leaves dead/ Are driven like a ghost from an enchanter fleeing', ' Black rain; and fire, and hail, will burst' , etc. Shelley patronise Mother Nature in his poem as a preserver and a destroyer. Nature through its own elements destroy itself and again clears the ways for a new birth and replacement. Shelley admired the indefinite and changeful attribute of Nature. He puts forward the changing and indefinite mood of Nature,  like for example are the clouds, the wind, lightening, etc. He says that Nature's spirit is eternal and he agrees that there is some kind of intelligence that controls Nature. In fact, he fuses the platonic philosophy of love with his pantheism. He finds Nature alive capable of feeling and thinking like a human organism. In his 'Ode to the Westwind', Shelley shows the trend of Nature being indefinite and changing as he tells us the Westwind drives the dead leaves, scatter the living seeds , awakening the Mediterranean and the sea plant experiencing it's force. His poetry lacks the pictorial definiteness in the very same manner because his Nature description often gate misted.
Despite his pantheism, Shelley conceives each and every object of Nature as possessing its own spirit of individualism, though he believes in the spirit of love, which could unite the entire world. But in Spite of this he treats each element as a distinguishable identity. Furthermore,as ancient Greek used to give human attributes to the natural objects whom they personified, Shelley also personified them but he always retains their true characteristics. He personified both the Westwind and the Mediterranean, but the haven't lost their true existence as they remain the wind and ocean. They have not been endowed with the human qualities. Shelley's words were very scientific as the Westwind virtually drives the dead leaves as well as scatter the seeds to be grown, the sea plants undoubtedly feel the destructive power of the wind, the clouds do bring the shower, dew drops and hail, thunder and lightening etc.. He observes every object of Nature with a scientific eye although the description comes from a high level of imagination.
  Thus, time and again, Shelley's Nature description comes with a touch of optimism with miseries,torture and pain of the earthly life but still in 'Ode to the Westwind' he hopes for the best and is confident that 'If winter comes can spring be far behind?' . His Nature is multitudinous, scientific, philosophical, intellectual, mythical. So,  Shelley proves him to be a marvelous poet of Nature.

Pied Beauty- G.M.Hopkins : Summary and notes| C.U. Alternative English.

Summary :-
The speaker/poet says us that we should glorify God for he has given us the dappled, freckled, pied, patched beauty of this world around us. God deserves praisal and admiration for the pied beauties , mono-coloured or mono-shaped things rather created with uniqueness endowed in it. He created the sky of two colours like a cow of two colours and trout with the rose moles on all over its body. Then comes chestnut which looks like fresh fire coals that have fallen and blended colour of the wings of a Finch. And the landscape   divided by the humans into plots and everything humans do. All things and creatures on earth deliver spectacular examples of contrariness- some swift, some slow, some sweet, some sour, some dim, some dazzling,etc.. But all of these changeable variegated creations have been fathered by the changeless God. So, the poet asks us to finally praise him.